In This Article
Overview: Heroin Use & Withdrawal
Heroin is an opioid and morphine derivative. It relieves pain and anxiety and triggers euphoria. It’s an illicit drug that is sold as a powder and smoked, snorted, or dissolved into a liquid and used intravenously. Many people turn to heroin after developing an addiction to prescription painkillers and being unable to gain legal access to those drugs.
Heroin is highly addictive and turns a user’s life upside down. Despite the problems it causes, someone with heroin addiction will continue to use the drug. Signs of heroin use and/or addiction include:
- Presence of drug paraphernalia
- Changes in behavior or mood
- Use of street slang related to heroin
- Missing valuables or money
- Track marks
- Legal troubles
- Lying and secretiveness
- Loss of touch with old friends and/or new friendships with people who also have a drug use problem
Withdrawal Symptoms of Heroin
Addiction and physical dependence are possible. This means unpleasant withdrawal symptoms will occur when someone stops using the drug. This is because the body has grown accustomed to heroin and requires it to function.
Breaking a heroin addiction, even with motivation, is difficult because of the intense withdrawal symptoms.
Heroin is a non-prescription opioid. It’s illicit, and there is no medical purpose for it. Effects of heroin include:
- It suppresses the central nervous system, reducing heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure.
- It triggers feelings of euphoria by binding to the brain’s opioid receptors.
- Use results in an immediate rush of pleasure and an extended phase of extreme relaxation.
- As the effects wear off, the opposite occurs. A person coming down from a heroin high experiences low mood, anxiety, and increased heart rate.
The withdrawal process after addiction has developed differs for everyone. Heroin withdrawal symptoms vary based on the amount, potency, and frequency of use of the drug before going clean. Additionally, if a person has a history of mental illness or has undergone withdrawal for other opioids tend to experience strong withdrawal symptoms.
Mild heroin withdrawal symptoms include:
- Abdominal cramps
- Chills
- Goosebumps
- Muscle and bone pain
- Nausea
- Runny Nose
- Sweating
- Tearing
- Runny nose
- Yawning a lot
Moderate heroin withdrawal symptoms include:
- Agitation
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Restlessness
- Tremors
- Trouble concentrating
- Vomiting
Severe heroin withdrawal symptoms include:
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Depression
- Difficulty feeling pleasure
- Drug cravings
- Hypertension
- Impaired respiration
- Muscle spasms
- Rapid heart rate
Heroin withdrawal has no direct withdrawal symptoms that are potentially fatal. However, some symptoms can be life-threatening indirectly.
Timeline of Heroin Withdrawal Symptoms
Heroin withdrawal symptoms develop very quickly, usually within six to 12 hours of a person’s last use of the drug. Symptoms peak in severity between two and four days after the last use and begin to taper off for most people after about a week to 10 days.
However, something known as post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) might occur. This can extend the withdrawal phase for months or years after a person stops using the drug. Though symptoms of PAWS are not as severe as the ones experienced in the days after stopping the use of heroin, they can be enough to trigger someone to use the drug again.
Symptoms of PAWS include:
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Cognitive difficulties
- Relationship problems
- Obsessive-compulsive behaviors
- Cravings
- Insomnia
- Pessimism
- Stress
These symptoms might arise when someone faces drug use triggers, but they can also appear without any trigger.
Heroin Detoxification Process
Detoxification is the first step in recovery from heroin addiction. It is possible to detox without medical intervention. Most of the symptoms associated with detox are not life-threatening. However, it is a very unpleasant experience, and medically supervised detox increases the chances of success.
Medical detoxification begins while there is still heroin in a person’s system, and the process usually lasts about five to seven days. It can take up to 10 days for those who were heavy, long-term users.
Medical detox uses prescription medication to ease withdrawal symptoms and therapy to help someone manage their addiction. Other issues monitored during detox include:
- Blood pressure
- Heart rate
- Breathing
- Temperature levels
- Hydration
Vomiting and aspiration are two of the most common symptoms and serious symptoms of detox. However, the greatest risk associated with detox is relapse. Because the experience is so unpleasant, some people aren’t able to resist the urge to ease their withdrawal symptoms by using heroin. And because tolerance levels decrease quickly, there is a significant risk for overdosing if a person immediately returns to his or her previously used dosage.
Types of Heroin Detox
Someone who intends to recover from a heroin addiction can choose from several different detox programs. For example:
- Outpatient care – this treatment program is the least restrictive and takes place in a physician’s office or home health care agency
- Outpatient care with extended monitoring – this addiction treatment is more restrictive than regular outpatient care. It takes place in a daytime hospital program and includes monitoring by medical staff
- Medically monitored inpatient detox – this rehab occurs in a standalone detox center and includes 24-hour supervision and monitoring
- Medically managed intensive inpatient detox – these treatment centers provide the highest level of care that takes place in an inpatient setting and includes 24-hour acute monitoring and support
Heroin Detox Medications
There are multiple prescription medications available to ease withdrawal symptoms. They include:
- Methadone
- Subutex/Suboxone
- Clonidine
After Detoxification
Addiction isn’t cured after a person detoxes from heroin. There is still a great deal of work to be done. After detoxification, medical experts encourage people with heroin addiction to:
- Participate in behavioral counseling to manage their addiction
- Participate in group, and individual therapy to explore the roots of their addiction and learn to manage addiction triggers. This could also include medication assisted treatment/therapy (MAT)
- Attend a 12-step or other long-term support group
Relapse is a common issue for those with a heroin addiction, so it’s important to also understand how to manage a relapse.
