Heroin is an opioid and morphine derivative. It relieves pain and anxiety and triggers euphoria. It’s an illicit drug that is sold as a powder and smoked, snorted, or dissolved into a liquid and used intravenously. Many people turn to heroin after developing an addiction to prescription painkillers and being unable to gain legal access to those drugs.
Heroin is highly addictive and turns a user’s life upside down. Despite the problems it causes, someone with heroin addiction will continue to use the drug. Signs of heroin use and/or addiction include:
Addiction and physical dependence are possible. This means unpleasant withdrawal symptoms will occur when someone stops using the drug. This is because the body has grown accustomed to heroin and requires it to function.
Breaking a heroin addiction, even with motivation, is difficult because of the intense withdrawal symptoms.
Heroin is a non-prescription opioid. It’s illicit, and there is no medical purpose for it. Effects of heroin include:
The withdrawal process after addiction has developed differs for everyone. Heroin withdrawal symptoms vary based on the amount, potency, and frequency of use of the drug before going clean. Additionally, if a person has a history of mental illness or has undergone withdrawal for other opioids tend to experience strong withdrawal symptoms.
Mild heroin withdrawal symptoms include:
Moderate heroin withdrawal symptoms include:
Severe heroin withdrawal symptoms include:
Heroin withdrawal has no direct withdrawal symptoms that are potentially fatal. However, some symptoms can be life-threatening indirectly.
Heroin withdrawal symptoms develop very quickly, usually within six to 12 hours of a person’s last use of the drug. Symptoms peak in severity between two and four days after the last use and begin to taper off for most people after about a week to 10 days.
However, something known as post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) might occur. This can extend the withdrawal phase for months or years after a person stops using the drug. Though symptoms of PAWS are not as severe as the ones experienced in the days after stopping the use of heroin, they can be enough to trigger someone to use the drug again.
Symptoms of PAWS include:
These symptoms might arise when someone faces drug use triggers, but they can also appear without any trigger.
Detoxification is the first step in recovery from heroin addiction. It is possible to detox without medical intervention. Most of the symptoms associated with detox are not life-threatening. However, it is a very unpleasant experience, and medically supervised detox increases the chances of success.
Medical detoxification begins while there is still heroin in a person’s system, and the process usually lasts about five to seven days. It can take up to 10 days for those who were heavy, long-term users.
Medical detox uses prescription medication to ease withdrawal symptoms and therapy to help someone manage their addiction. Other issues monitored during detox include:
Vomiting and aspiration are two of the most common symptoms and serious symptoms of detox. However, the greatest risk associated with detox is relapse. Because the experience is so unpleasant, some people aren’t able to resist the urge to ease their withdrawal symptoms by using heroin. And because tolerance levels decrease quickly, there is a significant risk for overdosing if a person immediately returns to his or her previously used dosage.
Someone who intends to recover from a heroin addiction can choose from several different detox programs. For example:
There are multiple prescription medications available to ease withdrawal symptoms. They include:
Addiction isn’t cured after a person detoxes from heroin. There is still a great deal of work to be done. After detoxification, medical experts encourage people with heroin addiction to:
Relapse is a common issue for those with a heroin addiction, so it’s important to also understand how to manage a relapse.
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“Heroin Detox | Natural, Medical and Rapid Detox.” Heroin.Net, heroin.net/detox/.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. “Treatment and Recovery.” Drugabuse.Gov, 2018, www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/treatment-recovery.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. “What Effects Does Heroin Have on the Body?” Drugabuse.Gov, 2018, www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/how-heroin-used.
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